MONTANARental-Purchase Agreement Act
MT Code § 30-19-101 et seq.
Section 30-19-101. Short title
This part may be cited as the “Montana Rental-Purchase Agreement Act”.
Section 30-19-102. Purpose
(1) The legislature finds that the rental-purchase industry is unique in its structure of providing a service to Montana consumers, in that the business transaction involved is not a credit transaction, does not create a debt or a security interest, and is not a simple rental or lease. As a result, rental-purchase agreements deserve their own regulatory scheme.
(2) The purpose of this part is to protect consumers and businesses engaged in the rental-purchase of consumer goods against unfair or deceptive acts and practices and to provide certainty and regularity in the conduct of rental-purchase transactions.
Section 30-19-103. Definitions
As used in this part, the following definitions apply:
(1) “Advertisement” means a commercial message in any medium that aids, promotes, or assists, directly or indirectly, a rental-purchase agreement but does not include price tags, window signs, or other in-store merchandising aids.
(2) “Cash price” means the price at which the lessor would have sold the property to the consumer for cash on the date of the rental-purchase agreement.
(3) “Consumer” means a person who rents personal property under a rental-purchase agreement to be used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.
(4) “Consummation” means the time that a consumer becomes contractually obligated by signing a rental-purchase agreement.
(5) “Lessor” means a person who regularly provides the use of property through rental-purchase agreements and to whom rent payments are initially payable on the face of the rental-purchase agreement.
(6) “Rental-purchase agreement” or “agreement” means an agreement between a lessor and a consumer that has the following characteristics:
(a) the agreement governs the use of personal property by a person primarily for personal, family, or household purposes;
(b) the agreement is entered into for an initial period of 4 months or less and is automatically renewable with each payment after the initial period;
(c) the agreement does not obligate or require the consumer to continue renting or using the property beyond the initial period; and
(d) the agreement permits the consumer to become the owner of the property.
Section 30-19-104. Exemptions of applicability
(1) The provisions of this part are not subject to laws relating to:
(a) retail installment sales contracts as defined in 31-1-202;
(b) security interests regulated by the provisions of Title 30, chapters 1 through 9A;
(c) leases regulated by the provisions of Title 30, chapter 2A;
(d) personal solicitation sales defined in 30-14-502; and
(e) interest rates or loans on money as provided for in Title 31, chapter 1.
(2) The provisions of this part do not apply to:
(a) a lease-purchase agreement primarily for business, commercial, or agricultural purposes or agreements made with governmental agencies, political subdivisions, or organizations;
(b) a lease or bailment of personal property that is incidental to the lease of real property and that provides the consumer with no option to purchase the leased property; or
(c) the lease of a motor vehicle.
Section 30-19-105. through 30-19-108 reserved
Section 30-19-109. Disclosure of information
(1) A lessor shall disclose to the consumer the information provided for in 30-19-110.
(2) The disclosure must be made at or before consummation of the rental-purchase agreement.
(3) The disclosure must be made clearly and conspicuously in writing, and a copy of the rental-purchase agreement must be provided to the consumer.
(4) The disclosure information required under 30-19-110 must be provided for on the face of the Contract above the line provided for the consumer’s signature.
(5) If a disclosure becomes inaccurate as a result of any act, occurrence, or agreement by the consumer after the delivery of the required disclosure, the resulting inaccuracy is not in violation of this part.
Section 30-19-110. Information required in disclosure
For each rental-purchase agreement, the lessor shall disclose the following items in the agreement:
(1) the total number, the amount, and the timing of all rental payments necessary to acquire ownership of the property;
(2) a statement that the consumer will not have an ownership interest in the property until the consumer has made the total number of rental payments necessary to acquire ownership;
(3) a statement that the consumer is responsible for the fair market value of the property if the property is lost, stolen, damaged, or destroyed;
(4) a brief description of the rented property sufficient to identify the property to the consumer and the lessor. The description of the rented property may include an identification number and must include a statement indicating whether the property is new or used. A lessor is not liable for a statement that inadvertently describes property as being used if the property is new.
(5) a brief description of any existing damage to the rental property;
(6) a statement of the cash price of the property. If the agreement involves the rental of more than one item as a set, in one agreement, a statement of the combined cash price of the items in the set may be stated.
(7) the total of the initial payments paid or required at or before consummation of the rental-purchase agreement or delivery of the property, whichever is later;
(8) (a) a statement that the total amount of the rental payment does not include taxes or other charges and fees, including but not limited to:
(i) late payment;
(ii) processing;
(iii) default;
(iv) pickup;
(v) liability damage waiver;
(vi) insurance; or
(vii) other charges or fees that are necessary and appropriate; and
(b) the charges and fees identified in subsection (8)(a), itemized separately;
(9) a statement informing the consumer that the consumer has the right to exercise an early purchase option;
(10) (a) a statement identifying the party responsible and a description of the responsibility for maintaining or servicing the property while it is being rented; and
(b) if the property is covered by a manufacturer’s warranty, a notice that the warranty is transferred to the consumer if the consumer acquires ownership of the property and if the manufacturer’s warranty allows for the transfer;
(11) the date of the transaction and the identities of the consumer and the lessor;
(12) a statement that the consumer may terminate the agreement without penalty by voluntarily surrendering or returning the property in good repair, except for ordinary wear and tear, on the expiration of any rental term agreement along with any past-due rent payments, if any; and
(13) notice of the right to reinstate an agreement as provided in 30-19-112.
Section 30-19-111. Provisions prohibited in agreements
A rental-purchase agreement may not contain:
(1) a confession of judgment;
(2) a negotiable instrument;
(3) a security interest or any other claim of property interest in any property except the property delivered by the lessor pursuant to the rental-purchase agreement;
(4) a wage assignment;
(5) a waiver of claims or defenses by the consumer; and
(6) a provision authorizing the lessor or any person acting on the lessor’s behalf to enter the consumer’s premises or to commit any breach of the peace in the repossession of property.
Section 30-19-112. Reinstatement of agreement — repossession
(1) A consumer who fails to make a timely rent payment may reinstate the agreement, without losing any rights or options that existed in the original agreement, by paying:
(a) all past-due rent payments;
(b) the next rent payment;
(c) reasonable pickup and redelivery costs if the property was picked up by the lessor; and
(d) any applicable late fees.
(2) A consumer exercising the reinstatement option provided for in subsection (1) must provide the applicable payments to the lessor within:
(a) 5 days of the renewal date if the agreement specified a monthly payment schedule; or
(b) 2 days of the renewal date if the agreement specified a semimonthly payment schedule.
(3) If a consumer has not made two-thirds of the total payments necessary to acquire ownership of the property and has returned or voluntarily surrendered the property during the applicable reinstatement period established in this section, the consumer may reinstate the agreement during a period of not less than 21 days after the date of the return of the property.
(4) If a consumer has made two-thirds or more of the total payments necessary to acquire ownership of the property and has returned or voluntarily surrendered the property during the applicable reinstatement period established in this section, the consumer may reinstate the agreement during a period of not less than 45 days after the date of the return of the property.
(5) The provisions of subsections (3) and (4) do not apply to instances when the consumer returned or surrendered the property on an order from a court.
(6) This section does not prevent a lessor from attempting to repossess property during the reinstatement period, but the repossession does not affect the consumer’s right to reinstate the agreement. If the agreement is reinstated, the lessor shall provide the consumer with the same property or substitute property of comparable quality and condition.
Section 30-19-113. Written receipt for cash or money order
A lessor shall provide the consumer, at the consumer’s request, a written receipt for any payment made by cash or money order.
Section 30-19-114. Renegotiation of rental-purchase agreement — extension not considered renegotiation
(1) A renegotiation of an agreement must occur when an existing agreement is satisfied and replaced by a new agreement between the lessor and the consumer. A renegotiation is considered a new agreement and requires new disclosures as provided for in 30-19-110. The following events may not be treated as a renegotiation:
(a) the addition or return of property in a multiple-item agreement or in the substitution of the rental property, if in either case the average payment allocable to a payment period is not changed by more than 25%;
(b) a deferral or extension of one or more periodic payments or portions of a periodic payment;
(c) a reduction in charges in the agreement; or
(d) an agreement involved in a court proceeding.
(2) An extension of an agreement is not a renegotiation.
Section 30-19-115. Advertisement of rental-purchase agreement
(1) An advertisement for an agreement that refers to or states the monetary amount of any payment and the right to acquire ownership of property must clearly and conspicuously state:
(a) that the transaction advertised is a rental-purchase agreement;
(b) the total payments necessary to acquire ownership of any specific item; and
(c) that the consumer acquires no ownership interest if the total amount necessary to acquire the property is not paid.
(2) An owner or employee of an advertising enterprise preparing or providing advertising to an entity offering rental-purchase agreements is not liable for omissions or errors in advertisements.
Section 30-19-116. Enforcement — bona fide errors
(1) Except when inconsistent with the provisions of this part, a violation of this part is a violation of Title 30, chapter 14, part 1.
(2) (a) A lessor may not be held liable for a violation of the provisions of this part if the lessor proves by a preponderance of evidence that the violation was not intentional and resulted from bona fide error despite the lessor’s maintenance of procedures reasonably intended to avoid the error.
(b) (i) For the purposes of this section, a bona fide error includes but is not limited to clerical, calculation, computer malfunction, programming, and printing error.
(ii) An error of legal judgment with respect to a person’s obligations under this part is not a bona fide error.
